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Oral Health Services

Preventing Periodontal Disease

What is periodontal disease?

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the gums, periodontal ligament, and bone that surround and support the teeth. The major cause of this disease is plaque, a sticky, colorless film of germs that constantly forms on teeth. If plaque is not removed daily through proper brushing and flossing, it turns into a hard deposit called calculus or tartar. Calculus can be a factor  in the development of periodontal disease because it makes the removal of new plaque more difficult. Calculus cannot be brushed or flossed away. The only way to remove calculus is to have your teeth professionally cleaned.

Lifestyle choices, including dietary habits and the use of tobacco or alcohol products, are other factors that can contribute to the development of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is also associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, pregnancy, low birth weight, stress, and genetic conditions.

If periodontal disease is not treated, it can result in tooth loss. The American Dental Association states that after age 35, about three out of four adults are affected by some form of periodontal disease. However, early signs of this disease can be seen in children as young as five to six years of age.

How does periodontal disease develop?

Healthy Gums
Healthy gums, periodontal ligament, and bone hold teeth firmly in place.


Gingivitis

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of gum tissue. Thorough personal oral hygiene measures, such as daily brushing and flossing, will prevent or reverse gingivitis. Chronic gingivitis can lead to a more serious condition called periodontitis.


Periodontitis
 Periodontitis is an infection of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth caused by bacterial toxins in plaque. It is characterized by bad breath, bleeding, and pain. Loss of supporting bone can result in tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss. If left untreated, it can progress to advanced periodontitis.

Advanced Periodontitis
Advanced periodontitis is the stage in which gums and bone have been seriously damaged. If not treated, healthy teeth may become loose and need to be removed.



How can you prevent periodontal disease?

  • Plaque must be removed daily by brushing and flossing.
  • Good nutrition is important for healthy teeth and gums.
  • Regular dental checkups and professional cleaning can help identify and prevent periodontal disease.
  • Healthy lifestyle choices are essential.

Periodontal disease is preventable!